WHO RE_ORDER: Pandas Profiling Reporting

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	22
Number of observations	2938
Missing cells	2563
Missing cells (%)	4.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	505.1 KiB
Average record size in memory	176.0 B

Variable types

Categorical	2
Numeric	20

Alerts

`Cty` has a high cardinality: 193 distinct values	High cardinality
`L_Expec` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`A_Mort` is highly overall correlated with `L_Expec` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Inf_D` is highly overall correlated with `Mes` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Alc` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Per_Expen` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`HepB` is highly overall correlated with `Polio` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Mes` is highly overall correlated with `Inf_D` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`BMI` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`lt5y_D` is highly overall correlated with `Inf_D` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Polio` is highly overall correlated with `L_Expec` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Dipt` is highly overall correlated with `L_Expec` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`HIV` is highly overall correlated with `L_Expec` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`GDP` is highly overall correlated with `Per_Expen` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Th_1-19y` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Th_5-9y` is highly overall correlated with `L_Expec` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Income` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Ed` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 11 other fields	High correlation
`Dev` is highly overall correlated with `L_Expec` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Pop` is highly overall correlated with `Inf_D` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`T_Expen` is highly overall correlated with `Dev` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Alc` has 194 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`HepB` has 553 (18.8%) missing values	Missing
`BMI` has 34 (1.2%) missing values	Missing
`T_Expen` has 226 (7.7%) missing values	Missing
`GDP` has 448 (15.2%) missing values	Missing
`Pop` has 652 (22.2%) missing values	Missing
`Th_1-19y` has 34 (1.2%) missing values	Missing
`Th_5-9y` has 34 (1.2%) missing values	Missing
`Income` has 167 (5.7%) missing values	Missing
`Ed` has 163 (5.5%) missing values	Missing
`Inf_D` has 848 (28.9%) zeros	Zeros
`Per_Expen` has 611 (20.8%) zeros	Zeros
`Mes` has 983 (33.5%) zeros	Zeros
`lt5y_D` has 785 (26.7%) zeros	Zeros
`Income` has 130 (4.4%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2023-01-07 16:47:17.442208
Analysis finished	2023-01-07 16:47:56.759170
Duration	39.32 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling vdev
Download configuration	config.json

Cty
Categorical

Distinct	193
Distinct (%)	6.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Afghanistan	16
Peru	16
Nicaragua	16
Niger	16
Nigeria	16
Other values (188)	2858

Length

Max length	52
Median length	34
Mean length	10.041184
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	29501
Distinct characters	56
Distinct categories	7 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	2 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	10 ?
Unique (%)	0.3%

Sample

1st row	Afghanistan
2nd row	Afghanistan
3rd row	Afghanistan
4th row	Afghanistan
5th row	Afghanistan

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Afghanistan	16	0.5%
Peru	16	0.5%
Nicaragua	16	0.5%
Niger	16	0.5%
Nigeria	16	0.5%
Norway	16	0.5%
Oman	16	0.5%
Pakistan	16	0.5%
Panama	16	0.5%
Papua New Guinea	16	0.5%
Other values (183)	2778	94.6%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
republic	192	4.5%
of	192	4.5%
and	97	2.3%
united	64	1.5%
democratic	48	1.1%
the	48	1.1%
guinea	48	1.1%
saint	33	0.8%
ireland	32	0.7%
congo	32	0.7%
Other values (223)	3502	81.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	4190	14.2%
i	2535	8.6%
e	2178	7.4%
n	2104	7.1%
o	1638	5.6%
r	1635	5.5%
	1350	4.6%
u	1126	3.8%
l	1110	3.8%
t	1107	3.8%
Other values (46)	10528	35.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	23976	81.3%
Uppercase Letter	3967	13.4%
Space Separator	1350	4.6%
Open Punctuation	64	0.2%
Close Punctuation	64	0.2%
Other Punctuation	48	0.2%
Dash Punctuation	32	0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	4190	17.5%
i	2535	10.6%
e	2178	9.1%
n	2104	8.8%
o	1638	6.8%
r	1635	6.8%
u	1126	4.7%
l	1110	4.6%
t	1107	4.6%
d	867	3.6%
Other values (17)	5486	22.9%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
S	466	11.7%
B	336	8.5%
C	289	7.3%
M	275	6.9%
A	256	6.5%
G	240	6.0%
R	240	6.0%
T	209	5.3%
I	194	4.9%
P	193	4.9%
Other values (14)	1269	32.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1350	100.0%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	64	100.0%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	64	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
'	48	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	32	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	27943	94.7%
Common	1558	5.3%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	4190	15.0%
i	2535	9.1%
e	2178	7.8%
n	2104	7.5%
o	1638	5.9%
r	1635	5.9%
u	1126	4.0%
l	1110	4.0%
t	1107	4.0%
d	867	3.1%
Other values (41)	9453	33.8%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1350	86.6%
(	64	4.1%
)	64	4.1%
'	48	3.1%
-	32	2.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	29485	99.9%
None	16	0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	4190	14.2%
i	2535	8.6%
e	2178	7.4%
n	2104	7.1%
o	1638	5.6%
r	1635	5.5%
	1350	4.6%
u	1126	3.8%
l	1110	3.8%
t	1107	3.8%
Other values (45)	10512	35.7%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ô	16	100.0%

Yr
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	16
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2007.5187

Minimum	2000
Maximum	2015
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2000
5-th percentile	2000
Q1	2004
median	2008
Q3	2012
95-th percentile	2015
Maximum	2015
Range	15
Interquartile range (IQR)	8

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.6138409
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0022982804
Kurtosis	-1.2137217
Mean	2007.5187
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	-0.0064090274
Sum	5898090
Variance	21.287528
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=16)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2013	193	6.6%
2015	183	6.2%
2014	183	6.2%
2012	183	6.2%
2011	183	6.2%
2010	183	6.2%
2009	183	6.2%
2008	183	6.2%
2007	183	6.2%
2006	183	6.2%
Other values (6)	1098	37.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2000	183	6.2%
2001	183	6.2%
2002	183	6.2%
2003	183	6.2%
2004	183	6.2%
2005	183	6.2%
2006	183	6.2%
2007	183	6.2%
2008	183	6.2%
2009	183	6.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2015	183	6.2%
2014	183	6.2%
2013	193	6.6%
2012	183	6.2%
2011	183	6.2%
2010	183	6.2%
2009	183	6.2%
2008	183	6.2%
2007	183	6.2%
2006	183	6.2%

Dev
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Developing	2426
Developed	512

Length

Max length	10
Median length	10
Mean length	9.8257318
Min length	9

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	28868
Distinct characters	10
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Developing
2nd row	Developing
3rd row	Developing
4th row	Developing
5th row	Developing

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Developing	2426	82.6%
Developed	512	17.4%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
developing	2426	82.6%
developed	512	17.4%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6388	22.1%
D	2938	10.2%
v	2938	10.2%
l	2938	10.2%
o	2938	10.2%
p	2938	10.2%
i	2426	8.4%
n	2426	8.4%
g	2426	8.4%
d	512	1.8%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	25930	89.8%
Uppercase Letter	2938	10.2%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6388	24.6%
v	2938	11.3%
l	2938	11.3%
o	2938	11.3%
p	2938	11.3%
i	2426	9.4%
n	2426	9.4%
g	2426	9.4%
d	512	2.0%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
D	2938	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	28868	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6388	22.1%
D	2938	10.2%
v	2938	10.2%
l	2938	10.2%
o	2938	10.2%
p	2938	10.2%
i	2426	8.4%
n	2426	8.4%
g	2426	8.4%
d	512	1.8%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	28868	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6388	22.1%
D	2938	10.2%
v	2938	10.2%
l	2938	10.2%
o	2938	10.2%
p	2938	10.2%
i	2426	8.4%
n	2426	8.4%
g	2426	8.4%
d	512	1.8%

L_Expec
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	362
Distinct (%)	12.4%
Missing	10
Missing (%)	0.3%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	69.224932

Minimum	36.3
Maximum	89
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	36.3
5-th percentile	51.4
Q1	63.1
median	72.1
Q3	75.7
95-th percentile	82
Maximum	89
Range	52.7
Interquartile range (IQR)	12.6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	9.5238675
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.13757858
Kurtosis	-0.23447739
Mean	69.224932
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5.8
Skewness	-0.63860474
Sum	202690.6
Variance	90.704052
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
73	45	1.5%
75	33	1.1%
78	31	1.1%
73.6	28	1.0%
73.9	25	0.9%
76	25	0.9%
81	25	0.9%
74.5	24	0.8%
74.7	24	0.8%
73.5	23	0.8%
Other values (352)	2645	90.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
36.3	1	< 0.1%
39	1	< 0.1%
41	1	< 0.1%
41.5	1	< 0.1%
42.3	1	< 0.1%
43.1	1	< 0.1%
43.3	1	< 0.1%
43.5	1	< 0.1%
43.8	1	< 0.1%
44	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
89	11	0.4%
88	10	0.3%
87	9	0.3%
86	15	0.5%
85	12	0.4%
84	11	0.4%
83.7	1	< 0.1%
83.5	2	0.1%
83.4	1	< 0.1%
83.3	1	< 0.1%

A_Mort
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	425
Distinct (%)	14.5%
Missing	10
Missing (%)	0.3%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	164.79645

Minimum	1
Maximum	723
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	13
Q1	74
median	144
Q3	228
95-th percentile	398.3
Maximum	723
Range	722
Interquartile range (IQR)	154

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	124.29208
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.75421576
Kurtosis	1.7488602
Mean	164.79645
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	76
Skewness	1.1743695
Sum	482524
Variance	15448.521
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12	34	1.2%
14	30	1.0%
16	29	1.0%
11	25	0.9%
138	25	0.9%
19	23	0.8%
144	22	0.7%
15	21	0.7%
17	21	0.7%
13	21	0.7%
Other values (415)	2677	91.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	12	0.4%
2	8	0.3%
3	6	0.2%
4	4	0.1%
5	2	0.1%
6	13	0.4%
7	16	0.5%
8	13	0.4%
9	12	0.4%
11	25	0.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
723	1	< 0.1%
717	1	< 0.1%
715	1	< 0.1%
699	1	< 0.1%
693	1	< 0.1%
686	1	< 0.1%
682	1	< 0.1%
679	1	< 0.1%
675	1	< 0.1%
666	1	< 0.1%

Inf_D
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	209
Distinct (%)	7.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	30.303948

Minimum	0
Maximum	1800
Zeros	848
Zeros (%)	28.9%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	3
Q3	22
95-th percentile	94.15
Maximum	1800
Range	1800
Interquartile range (IQR)	22

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	117.9265
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.8914567
Kurtosis	116.04276
Mean	30.303948
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	9.786963
Sum	89033
Variance	13906.66
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	848	28.9%
1	342	11.6%
2	203	6.9%
3	175	6.0%
4	96	3.3%
8	57	1.9%
7	53	1.8%
9	48	1.6%
10	48	1.6%
6	46	1.6%
Other values (199)	1022	34.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	848	28.9%
1	342	11.6%
2	203	6.9%
3	175	6.0%
4	96	3.3%
5	44	1.5%
6	46	1.6%
7	53	1.8%
8	57	1.9%
9	48	1.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1800	2	0.1%
1700	2	0.1%
1600	1	< 0.1%
1500	2	0.1%
1400	1	< 0.1%
1300	2	0.1%
1200	1	< 0.1%
1100	2	0.1%
1000	1	< 0.1%
957	1	< 0.1%

Alc
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1076
Distinct (%)	39.2%
Missing	194
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.6028608

Minimum	0.01
Maximum	17.87
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.01
5-th percentile	0.01
Q1	0.8775
median	3.755
Q3	7.7025
95-th percentile	11.96
Maximum	17.87
Range	17.86
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.825

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.0524127
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.88041174
Kurtosis	-0.80290922
Mean	4.6028608
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.245
Skewness	0.58956253
Sum	12630.25
Variance	16.422048
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	288	9.8%
0.03	15	0.5%
0.04	13	0.4%
0.02	12	0.4%
0.09	12	0.4%
0.21	10	0.3%
0.06	10	0.3%
1.18	10	0.3%
0.05	9	0.3%
0.49	9	0.3%
Other values (1066)	2356	80.2%
(Missing)	194	6.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	288	9.8%
0.02	12	0.4%
0.03	15	0.5%
0.04	13	0.4%
0.05	9	0.3%
0.06	10	0.3%
0.07	4	0.1%
0.08	9	0.3%
0.09	12	0.4%
0.1	7	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.87	1	< 0.1%
17.31	1	< 0.1%
16.99	1	< 0.1%
16.58	1	< 0.1%
16.35	1	< 0.1%
15.52	1	< 0.1%
15.19	1	< 0.1%
15.14	1	< 0.1%
15.07	1	< 0.1%
15.04	2	0.1%

Per_Expen
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	2328
Distinct (%)	79.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	738.2513

Minimum	0
Maximum	19479.912
Zeros	611
Zeros (%)	20.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	4.6853426
median	64.912906
Q3	441.53414
95-th percentile	4506.6385
Maximum	19479.912
Range	19479.912
Interquartile range (IQR)	436.8488

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1987.9149
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.6927347
Kurtosis	26.573387
Mean	738.2513
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	64.912906
Skewness	4.6520513
Sum	2168982.3
Variance	3951805.5
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	611	20.8%
71.27962362	1	< 0.1%
3.304039899	1	< 0.1%
218.5716179	1	< 0.1%
36.81621175	1	< 0.1%
2.542436908	1	< 0.1%
2.092343893	1	< 0.1%
22.35595448	1	< 0.1%
15.25518816	1	< 0.1%
31.50243237	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2318)	2318	78.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	611	20.8%
0.09987219	1	< 0.1%
0.108055973	1	< 0.1%
0.27564826	1	< 0.1%
0.328418056	1	< 0.1%
0.358651421	1	< 0.1%
0.388253772	1	< 0.1%
0.397228764	1	< 0.1%
0.442802404	1	< 0.1%
0.5305728	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
19479.91161	1	< 0.1%
19099.04506	1	< 0.1%
18961.3486	1	< 0.1%
18822.86732	1	< 0.1%
18379.32974	1	< 0.1%
17028.52798	1	< 0.1%
16255.16198	1	< 0.1%
15515.75234	1	< 0.1%
15345.4907	1	< 0.1%
15268.06445	1	< 0.1%

HepB
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	87
Distinct (%)	3.6%
Missing	553
Missing (%)	18.8%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	80.940461

Minimum	1
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	9
Q1	77
median	92
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	98
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	25.070016
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.30973403
Kurtosis	2.7702594
Mean	80.940461
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-1.9308451
Sum	193043
Variance	628.50568
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	240	8.2%
98	210	7.1%
96	167	5.7%
97	155	5.3%
95	149	5.1%
94	127	4.3%
93	101	3.4%
92	92	3.1%
91	75	2.6%
89	71	2.4%
Other values (77)	998	34.0%
(Missing)	553	18.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
2	4	0.1%
4	4	0.1%
5	9	0.3%
6	17	0.6%
7	20	0.7%
8	39	1.3%
9	65	2.2%
11	1	< 0.1%
12	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	240	8.2%
98	210	7.1%
97	155	5.3%
96	167	5.7%
95	149	5.1%
94	127	4.3%
93	101	3.4%
92	92	3.1%
91	75	2.6%
89	71	2.4%

Mes
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	958
Distinct (%)	32.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2419.5922

Minimum	0
Maximum	212183
Zeros	983
Zeros (%)	33.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	17
Q3	360.25
95-th percentile	9985.55
Maximum	212183
Range	212183
Interquartile range (IQR)	360.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11467.272
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.7393409
Kurtosis	114.8599
Mean	2419.5922
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	17
Skewness	9.4413319
Sum	7108762
Variance	1.3149834 × 10⁸
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	983	33.5%
1	104	3.5%
2	68	2.3%
3	44	1.5%
4	33	1.1%
6	29	1.0%
7	28	1.0%
5	25	0.9%
8	24	0.8%
9	22	0.7%
Other values (948)	1578	53.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	983	33.5%
1	104	3.5%
2	68	2.3%
3	44	1.5%
4	33	1.1%
5	25	0.9%
6	29	1.0%
7	28	1.0%
8	24	0.8%
9	22	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
212183	1	< 0.1%
182485	1	< 0.1%
168107	1	< 0.1%
141258	1	< 0.1%
133802	1	< 0.1%
131441	1	< 0.1%
124219	1	< 0.1%
118712	1	< 0.1%
110927	1	< 0.1%
109023	1	< 0.1%

BMI
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	608
Distinct (%)	20.9%
Missing	34
Missing (%)	1.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	38.321247

Minimum	1
Maximum	87.3
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	5.2
Q1	19.3
median	43.5
Q3	56.2
95-th percentile	64.785
Maximum	87.3
Range	86.3
Interquartile range (IQR)	36.9

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.044034
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.52305275
Kurtosis	-1.2910955
Mean	38.321247
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	16.3
Skewness	-0.2193116
Sum	111284.9
Variance	401.76328
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
58.5	18	0.6%
55.8	16	0.5%
57	16	0.5%
54.2	15	0.5%
59.9	15	0.5%
59.3	14	0.5%
52.8	13	0.4%
55	13	0.4%
59.4	13	0.4%
56.5	13	0.4%
Other values (598)	2758	93.9%
(Missing)	34	1.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
1.4	2	0.1%
1.8	1	< 0.1%
1.9	1	< 0.1%
2	1	< 0.1%
2.1	11	0.4%
2.2	9	0.3%
2.3	6	0.2%
2.4	5	0.2%
2.5	8	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
87.3	1	< 0.1%
83.3	1	< 0.1%
82.8	1	< 0.1%
81.6	1	< 0.1%
79.3	1	< 0.1%
77.6	1	< 0.1%
77.3	1	< 0.1%
77.1	1	< 0.1%
76.7	1	< 0.1%
76.2	1	< 0.1%

lt5y_D
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	252
Distinct (%)	8.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	42.035739

Minimum	0
Maximum	2500
Zeros	785
Zeros (%)	26.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	4
Q3	28
95-th percentile	138
Maximum	2500
Range	2500
Interquartile range (IQR)	28

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	160.44555
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.8168842
Kurtosis	109.7528
Mean	42.035739
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	9.4950647
Sum	123501
Variance	25742.774
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	785	26.7%
1	361	12.3%
2	163	5.5%
4	161	5.5%
3	129	4.4%
12	53	1.8%
8	49	1.7%
6	48	1.6%
10	47	1.6%
5	44	1.5%
Other values (242)	1098	37.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	785	26.7%
1	361	12.3%
2	163	5.5%
3	129	4.4%
4	161	5.5%
5	44	1.5%
6	48	1.6%
7	30	1.0%
8	49	1.7%
9	40	1.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2500	1	< 0.1%
2400	1	< 0.1%
2300	1	< 0.1%
2200	1	< 0.1%
2100	1	< 0.1%
2000	2	0.1%
1900	1	< 0.1%
1800	1	< 0.1%
1700	1	< 0.1%
1600	1	< 0.1%

Polio
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	73
Distinct (%)	2.5%
Missing	19
Missing (%)	0.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	82.550188

Minimum	3
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	9
Q1	78
median	93
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	96
Interquartile range (IQR)	19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	23.428046
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.28380366
Kurtosis	3.7765098
Mean	82.550188
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-2.0980532
Sum	240964
Variance	548.87334
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	376	12.8%
98	255	8.7%
96	207	7.0%
97	205	7.0%
95	180	6.1%
94	159	5.4%
93	120	4.1%
92	96	3.3%
91	88	3.0%
9	71	2.4%
Other values (63)	1162	39.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	7	0.2%
4	11	0.4%
5	8	0.3%
6	11	0.4%
7	24	0.8%
8	40	1.4%
9	71	2.4%
17	1	< 0.1%
23	1	< 0.1%
24	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	376	12.8%
98	255	8.7%
97	205	7.0%
96	207	7.0%
95	180	6.1%
94	159	5.4%
93	120	4.1%
92	96	3.3%
91	88	3.0%
89	56	1.9%

T_Expen
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	818
Distinct (%)	30.2%
Missing	226
Missing (%)	7.7%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.9381895

Minimum	0.37
Maximum	17.6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.37
5-th percentile	1.93
Q1	4.26
median	5.755
Q3	7.4925
95-th percentile	9.76
Maximum	17.6
Range	17.23
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.2325

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.4983197
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.42072077
Kurtosis	1.1562705
Mean	5.9381895
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.59
Skewness	0.61868555
Sum	16104.37
Variance	6.2416012
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.6	15	0.5%
6.7	12	0.4%
5.6	11	0.4%
9.1	10	0.3%
5.64	10	0.3%
5.9	10	0.3%
5.3	10	0.3%
5.25	10	0.3%
3.4	10	0.3%
4.2	9	0.3%
Other values (808)	2605	88.7%
(Missing)	226	7.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.37	1	< 0.1%
0.65	1	< 0.1%
0.74	1	< 0.1%
0.76	1	< 0.1%
0.92	1	< 0.1%
1.1	2	0.1%
1.12	3	0.1%
1.15	2	0.1%
1.17	2	0.1%
1.18	3	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.6	1	< 0.1%
17.24	1	< 0.1%
17.2	2	0.1%
17.14	1	< 0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%
16.9	1	< 0.1%
16.61	1	< 0.1%
16.2	1	< 0.1%
15.6	1	< 0.1%
15.57	1	< 0.1%

Dipt
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	81
Distinct (%)	2.8%
Missing	19
Missing (%)	0.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	82.324084

Minimum	2
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	9
Q1	78
median	93
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	97
Interquartile range (IQR)	19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	23.716912
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.28809203
Kurtosis	3.558143
Mean	82.324084
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-2.0727529
Sum	240304
Variance	562.49192
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	350	11.9%
98	254	8.6%
97	205	7.0%
96	201	6.8%
95	200	6.8%
94	149	5.1%
93	120	4.1%
92	100	3.4%
91	91	3.1%
89	76	2.6%
Other values (71)	1173	39.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	< 0.1%
3	4	0.1%
4	12	0.4%
5	10	0.3%
6	16	0.5%
7	21	0.7%
8	39	1.3%
9	67	2.3%
16	1	< 0.1%
19	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	350	11.9%
98	254	8.6%
97	205	7.0%
96	201	6.8%
95	200	6.8%
94	149	5.1%
93	120	4.1%
92	100	3.4%
91	91	3.1%
89	76	2.6%

HIV
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	200
Distinct (%)	6.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.7421035

Minimum	0.1
Maximum	50.6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.1
Q1	0.1
median	0.1
Q3	0.8
95-th percentile	8.515
Maximum	50.6
Range	50.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.0777845
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.9147434
Kurtosis	34.892008
Mean	1.7421035
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	5.396112
Sum	5118.3
Variance	25.783896
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	1781	60.6%
0.2	124	4.2%
0.3	115	3.9%
0.4	69	2.3%
0.5	42	1.4%
0.6	35	1.2%
0.9	32	1.1%
0.8	32	1.1%
0.7	29	1.0%
1.5	21	0.7%
Other values (190)	658	22.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	1781	60.6%
0.2	124	4.2%
0.3	115	3.9%
0.4	69	2.3%
0.5	42	1.4%
0.6	35	1.2%
0.7	29	1.0%
0.8	32	1.1%
0.9	32	1.1%
1	12	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
50.6	1	< 0.1%
50.3	1	< 0.1%
49.9	1	< 0.1%
49.1	1	< 0.1%
48.8	1	< 0.1%
46.4	1	< 0.1%
43.7	1	< 0.1%
43.5	1	< 0.1%
42.1	1	< 0.1%
40.7	1	< 0.1%

GDP
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	2490
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	448
Missing (%)	15.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	7483.1585

Minimum	1.68135
Maximum	119172.74
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.68135
5-th percentile	68.050015
Q1	463.93563
median	1766.9476
Q3	5910.8063
95-th percentile	41606.848
Maximum	119172.74
Range	119171.06
Interquartile range (IQR)	5446.8707

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14270.169
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.9069714
Kurtosis	12.333074
Mean	7483.1585
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1592.4561
Skewness	3.2066549
Sum	18633065
Variance	2.0363773 × 10⁸
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
584.25921	1	< 0.1%
354.8185998	1	< 0.1%
358.99731	1	< 0.1%
43.646498	1	< 0.1%
416.14838	1	< 0.1%
391.515524	1	< 0.1%
375.5819866	1	< 0.1%
348.151511	1	< 0.1%
341.2894618	1	< 0.1%
292.55962	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2480)	2480	84.4%
(Missing)	448	15.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.68135	1	< 0.1%
3.685949	1	< 0.1%
4.6135745	1	< 0.1%
5.6687264	1	< 0.1%
8.376432	1	< 0.1%
11.147277	1	< 0.1%
11.33678	1	< 0.1%
11.553196	1	< 0.1%
11.631377	1	< 0.1%
12.1789279	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
119172.7418	1	< 0.1%
115761.577	1	< 0.1%
114293.8433	1	< 0.1%
113751.85	1	< 0.1%
89739.7117	1	< 0.1%
88564.82298	1	< 0.1%
87998.44468	1	< 0.1%
87646.75346	1	< 0.1%
86852.7119	1	< 0.1%
85948.746	1	< 0.1%

Pop
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	2278
Distinct (%)	99.7%
Missing	652
Missing (%)	22.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	12753375

Minimum	34
Maximum	1.2938593 × 10⁹
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	34
5-th percentile	9617.5
Q1	195793.25
median	1386542
Q3	7420359
95-th percentile	47554416
Maximum	1.2938593 × 10⁹
Range	1.2938593 × 10⁹
Interquartile range (IQR)	7224565.8

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	61012097
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.7839961
Kurtosis	298.01027
Mean	12753375
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1357309.5
Skewness	15.916236
Sum	2.9154216 × 10¹⁰
Variance	3.7224759 × 10¹⁵
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
444	4	0.1%
718239	2	0.1%
1141	2	0.1%
26868	2	0.1%
127445	2	0.1%
292	2	0.1%
51448196	1	< 0.1%
12262	1	< 0.1%
15228525	1	< 0.1%
14668338	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2268)	2268	77.2%
(Missing)	652	22.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
34	1	< 0.1%
36	1	< 0.1%
41	1	< 0.1%
43	1	< 0.1%
123	1	< 0.1%
135	1	< 0.1%
146	1	< 0.1%
286	1	< 0.1%
292	2	0.1%
297	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1293859294	1	< 0.1%
1179681239	1	< 0.1%
1161977719	1	< 0.1%
1144118674	1	< 0.1%
1126135777	1	< 0.1%
258162113	1	< 0.1%
255131116	1	< 0.1%
248883232	1	< 0.1%
242524123	1	< 0.1%
236159276	1	< 0.1%

Th_1-19y
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	200
Distinct (%)	6.9%
Missing	34
Missing (%)	1.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.8397039

Minimum	0.1
Maximum	27.7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.6
Q1	1.6
median	3.3
Q3	7.2
95-th percentile	13.8
Maximum	27.7
Range	27.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.4201949
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.9133193
Kurtosis	3.9704387
Mean	4.8397039
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.3
Skewness	1.7114711
Sum	14054.5
Variance	19.538123
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	74	2.5%
1.9	65	2.2%
0.8	64	2.2%
0.7	63	2.1%
1.2	62	2.1%
2.1	61	2.1%
1.5	60	2.0%
2.2	58	2.0%
0.9	57	1.9%
2	57	1.9%
Other values (190)	2283	77.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	28	1.0%
0.2	40	1.4%
0.3	32	1.1%
0.4	5	0.2%
0.5	35	1.2%
0.6	41	1.4%
0.7	63	2.1%
0.8	64	2.2%
0.9	57	1.9%
1	74	2.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27.7	1	< 0.1%
27.5	1	< 0.1%
27.4	1	< 0.1%
27.3	1	< 0.1%
27.2	2	0.1%
27.1	2	0.1%
27	3	0.1%
26.9	2	0.1%
26.8	2	0.1%
26.7	1	< 0.1%

Th_5-9y
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	207
Distinct (%)	7.1%
Missing	34
Missing (%)	1.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.8703168

Minimum	0.1
Maximum	28.6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.5
Q1	1.5
median	3.3
Q3	7.2
95-th percentile	13.8
Maximum	28.6
Range	28.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.5088821
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.92578825
Kurtosis	4.3587303
Mean	4.8703168
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.3
Skewness	1.777424
Sum	14143.4
Variance	20.330018
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9	69	2.3%
1.1	67	2.3%
0.5	63	2.1%
1.9	63	2.1%
1	62	2.1%
2.1	61	2.1%
1.3	59	2.0%
1.5	57	1.9%
1.7	55	1.9%
0.6	54	1.8%
Other values (197)	2294	78.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	37	1.3%
0.2	45	1.5%
0.3	25	0.9%
0.4	17	0.6%
0.5	63	2.1%
0.6	54	1.8%
0.7	46	1.6%
0.8	36	1.2%
0.9	69	2.3%
1	62	2.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
28.6	1	< 0.1%
28.5	1	< 0.1%
28.4	1	< 0.1%
28.3	1	< 0.1%
28.2	1	< 0.1%
28.1	1	< 0.1%
28	2	0.1%
27.9	1	< 0.1%
27.8	2	0.1%
27.7	1	< 0.1%

Income
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING
ZEROS

Distinct	625
Distinct (%)	22.6%
Missing	167
Missing (%)	5.7%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.62755106

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.948
Zeros	130
Zeros (%)	4.4%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.277
Q1	0.493
median	0.677
Q3	0.779
95-th percentile	0.892
Maximum	0.948
Range	0.948
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.286

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.21090356
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.33607393
Kurtosis	1.3928142
Mean	0.62755106
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.127
Skewness	-1.1437627
Sum	1738.944
Variance	0.04448031
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	130	4.4%
0.7	17	0.6%
0.739	13	0.4%
0.714	12	0.4%
0.636	12	0.4%
0.737	11	0.4%
0.734	11	0.4%
0.797	11	0.4%
0.86	11	0.4%
0.703	11	0.4%
Other values (615)	2532	86.2%
(Missing)	167	5.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	130	4.4%
0.253	1	< 0.1%
0.255	1	< 0.1%
0.261	1	< 0.1%
0.266	1	< 0.1%
0.268	3	0.1%
0.27	1	< 0.1%
0.276	1	< 0.1%
0.278	1	< 0.1%
0.279	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.948	1	< 0.1%
0.945	1	< 0.1%
0.942	1	< 0.1%
0.941	1	< 0.1%
0.939	1	< 0.1%
0.938	1	< 0.1%
0.937	1	< 0.1%
0.936	5	0.2%
0.934	2	0.1%
0.933	1	< 0.1%

Ed
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	173
Distinct (%)	6.2%
Missing	163
Missing (%)	5.5%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	11.992793

Minimum	0
Maximum	20.7
Zeros	28
Zeros (%)	1.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	5.8
Q1	10.1
median	12.3
Q3	14.3
95-th percentile	16.8
Maximum	20.7
Range	20.7
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.3589197
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.28007819
Kurtosis	0.88615127
Mean	11.992793
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.1
Skewness	-0.60243654
Sum	33280
Variance	11.282342
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12.9	58	2.0%
13.3	52	1.8%
12.5	49	1.7%
12.8	46	1.6%
12.3	44	1.5%
12.6	43	1.5%
12.4	42	1.4%
10.7	41	1.4%
11.9	41	1.4%
12.7	40	1.4%
Other values (163)	2319	78.9%
(Missing)	163	5.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	28	1.0%
2.8	1	< 0.1%
2.9	4	0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
3.1	1	< 0.1%
3.3	1	< 0.1%
3.4	1	< 0.1%
3.5	3	0.1%
3.6	1	< 0.1%
3.7	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20.7	1	< 0.1%
20.6	1	< 0.1%
20.5	1	< 0.1%
20.4	3	0.1%
20.3	4	0.1%
20.1	2	0.1%
19.8	1	< 0.1%
19.7	1	< 0.1%
19.5	3	0.1%
19.3	2	0.1%

Auto

The auto setting is an interpretable pairwise column metric of the following mapping:

Variable_type-Variable_type : Method, Range
Categorical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1]
Numerical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1] (using a discretized numerical column)
Numerical-Numerical : Spearman's ρ, [-1,1]

The number of bins used in the discretization for the Numerical-Categorical column pair can be changed using config.correlations["auto"].n_bins. The number of bins affects the granularity of the association you wish to measure.

This configuration uses the recommended metric for each pair of columns.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

The correlation heatmap measures nullity correlation: how strongly the presence or absence of one variable affects the presence of another.

First rows
Last rows

	Cty	Yr	Dev	L_Expec	A_Mort	Inf_D	Alc	Per_Expen	HepB	Mes	BMI	lt5y_D	Polio	T_Expen	Dipt	HIV	GDP	Pop	Th_1-19y	Th_5-9y	Income	Ed
0	Afghanistan	2015	Developing	65.0	263.0	62	0.01	71.279624	65.0	1154	19.1	83	6.0	8.16	65.0	0.1	584.259210	33736494.0	17.2	17.3	0.479	10.1
1	Afghanistan	2014	Developing	59.9	271.0	64	0.01	73.523582	62.0	492	18.6	86	58.0	8.18	62.0	0.1	612.696514	327582.0	17.5	17.5	0.476	10.0
2	Afghanistan	2013	Developing	59.9	268.0	66	0.01	73.219243	64.0	430	18.1	89	62.0	8.13	64.0	0.1	631.744976	31731688.0	17.7	17.7	0.470	9.9
3	Afghanistan	2012	Developing	59.5	272.0	69	0.01	78.184215	67.0	2787	17.6	93	67.0	8.52	67.0	0.1	669.959000	3696958.0	17.9	18.0	0.463	9.8
4	Afghanistan	2011	Developing	59.2	275.0	71	0.01	7.097109	68.0	3013	17.2	97	68.0	7.87	68.0	0.1	63.537231	2978599.0	18.2	18.2	0.454	9.5
5	Afghanistan	2010	Developing	58.8	279.0	74	0.01	79.679367	66.0	1989	16.7	102	66.0	9.20	66.0	0.1	553.328940	2883167.0	18.4	18.4	0.448	9.2
6	Afghanistan	2009	Developing	58.6	281.0	77	0.01	56.762217	63.0	2861	16.2	106	63.0	9.42	63.0	0.1	445.893298	284331.0	18.6	18.7	0.434	8.9
7	Afghanistan	2008	Developing	58.1	287.0	80	0.03	25.873925	64.0	1599	15.7	110	64.0	8.33	64.0	0.1	373.361116	2729431.0	18.8	18.9	0.433	8.7
8	Afghanistan	2007	Developing	57.5	295.0	82	0.02	10.910156	63.0	1141	15.2	113	63.0	6.73	63.0	0.1	369.835796	26616792.0	19.0	19.1	0.415	8.4
9	Afghanistan	2006	Developing	57.3	295.0	84	0.03	17.171518	64.0	1990	14.7	116	58.0	7.43	58.0	0.1	272.563770	2589345.0	19.2	19.3	0.405	8.1

	Cty	Yr	Dev	L_Expec	A_Mort	Inf_D	Alc	Per_Expen	HepB	Mes	BMI	lt5y_D	Polio	T_Expen	Dipt	HIV	GDP	Pop	Th_1-19y	Th_5-9y	Income	Ed
2928	Zimbabwe	2009	Developing	50.0	587.0	30	4.64	1.040021	73.0	853	29.0	45	69.0	6.26	73.0	18.1	65.824121	1381599.0	7.5	7.4	0.419	9.9
2929	Zimbabwe	2008	Developing	48.2	632.0	30	3.56	20.843429	75.0	0	28.6	46	75.0	4.96	75.0	20.5	325.678573	13558469.0	7.8	7.8	0.421	9.7
2930	Zimbabwe	2007	Developing	46.6	67.0	29	3.88	29.814566	72.0	242	28.2	46	73.0	4.47	73.0	23.7	396.998217	1332999.0	8.2	8.2	0.414	9.6
2931	Zimbabwe	2006	Developing	45.4	7.0	28	4.57	34.262169	68.0	212	27.9	45	71.0	5.12	7.0	26.8	414.796232	13124267.0	8.6	8.6	0.408	9.5
2932	Zimbabwe	2005	Developing	44.6	717.0	28	4.14	8.717409	65.0	420	27.5	43	69.0	6.44	68.0	30.3	444.765750	129432.0	9.0	9.0	0.406	9.3
2933	Zimbabwe	2004	Developing	44.3	723.0	27	4.36	0.000000	68.0	31	27.1	42	67.0	7.13	65.0	33.6	454.366654	12777511.0	9.4	9.4	0.407	9.2
2934	Zimbabwe	2003	Developing	44.5	715.0	26	4.06	0.000000	7.0	998	26.7	41	7.0	6.52	68.0	36.7	453.351155	12633897.0	9.8	9.9	0.418	9.5
2935	Zimbabwe	2002	Developing	44.8	73.0	25	4.43	0.000000	73.0	304	26.3	40	73.0	6.53	71.0	39.8	57.348340	125525.0	1.2	1.3	0.427	10.0
2936	Zimbabwe	2001	Developing	45.3	686.0	25	1.72	0.000000	76.0	529	25.9	39	76.0	6.16	75.0	42.1	548.587312	12366165.0	1.6	1.7	0.427	9.8
2937	Zimbabwe	2000	Developing	46.0	665.0	24	1.68	0.000000	79.0	1483	25.5	39	78.0	7.10	78.0	43.5	547.358878	12222251.0	11.0	11.2	0.434	9.8

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Space Separator

Open Punctuation

Close Punctuation

Other Punctuation

Dash Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

None

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Auto

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample